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Name Details:
Named By:  Dee Ann Suhm, Alex D. Krieger, and Edward B. Jelks
Named For
Date Identified:  1954
Type Site:
 Marcos
Cluster: Dooley Branch Cluster









Commonly Utilized Material:


Date:                   
Cultural Period:   
2,600 -1,800 B.P.
Late to Transitional Archaic
Neoglacial to Medieval Warm

Glacial Period:
Culture:
     
      


Outline is Representative of Size and Shape:



Description of Physical Characteristics and Flaking Pattern:

This is a broad medium triangular deep corner notch point with an elliptical to flattened cross section.  The blade is broad and is most commonly excurvate.  Some examples may range from straight, slightly incurvate, or recurvate, especially on re-sharpened examples.  Deep notches enter from the corner of the blade forming long barbs that may terminate from square, rounded or a sharp barb tip  Notches are enter at a 45 degree angle forming an expanding stem.  The base may vary from concave to convex.  This point has a random flaking pattern.

Size Measurements:  Total Length - 45 to 90 mm,  Stem Length - 9 to 11 mm,  Width across barbs - 30 to 45 mm,  Neck Width - 15 to 22 mm,  Stem Width - 20 to 30 mm (Suhm and Krieger, 1954).

Distribution:
Distribution Comments:

This point is primarily found in from the lower Pecos River valley through central Texas to the Brazo River valley to the central coastal regions.  This point may be found into Louisiana, New Mexico, and southern Tamaulipas with decreased frequency.  Bell (1958) places this type into eastern Oklahoma.

Similar Points:
Bella Vista, Bulverde - Nopalera, Calcasieu, Castroville, Ensor, Fairland, Lange, Nopalera, Marshall, San Jacinto, Tepeapulco, Xihuingo
Related / Associated Points: 
Additional Comments:

This point can be distinguished from other types by the deep notches that form long barbs and a narrow neck in regards to the blade width (Suhm and Krieger, 1954).

This point is similar to the Castroville type.  The Marcos point differs in that the stem expands more and the notches enter the blade from the corners on the Marcos type and the notch enters the blade from the base on the Castroville type (Turner and Hester, 1985).

This point is similar to the Ensor point, but this point has a wider blade, longer barbs, deeper notches, and a narrower stem and neck than the Ensor point (Johnson et al., 2002).






Pictures:
Other points in this Cluster:
Ellis, Edgewood, Summerfield, Yarborough
Point Validity:   Valid Type

Suhm was an eminent Texas anthropologist who, among many distinguished positions, served as Director of Texas Archeological Research Laboratory.  Krieger was a renowned anthropologist who spent most of his career in Texas cataloging projectile points and pottery in Texas before moving on to the University of Washington.  Jelks was a distinguished anthropologist and helped organize the newly formed Department of Anthropology at Illinois State University where he was a Professor.  His work in Texas furthered the understanding of Texas archeology and was a founding force for the Society of Historical Archeology.  This type was named in a professional publication and subsequent book and has many professional references.  This is a valid type.




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Age Details:
Pictures Provided By:
Barry Neptune
Don Bickham
Robert Bell
Walter Williams (Sierra Artifacts)

Western Artifacts
Texas Arrowheads
Artifact Connection
Rob of the Rock
The Artifact Hunter



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References: (See Reference Page, Entry Number):

8, 23, 30, 44, 115, 177
Marcos Projectile Point, Marcos Arrowhead