Materials Identification Guide

New Mexico Lithic Material

 












Name                    

Natural                                                  
Non-heat treated points Heat treated points                               Color details                    Primary found in:     Associated             Formation / Member
Abique Agate   Colors of whites, grays, reds, yellows, oranges, and browns North central New Mexico  
Abiquiu Jasper     North central New Mexico  
Abiquiu Moss Agate   White to light gray matrix with inclusions of red, black, and yellow. North central New Mexico  
Abiquiu Quartzite   Ranges from a white to a whitish gray or whitish brown. North central New Mexico  
Abo Sandstone   Laminated sandstone that ranges from a tan to a dark red or purple South central New Mexico Abo Sandstone Formation
Agate Jasper
(Generic Type)
  Ranges from yellow to brown or green.  Part if the material will be banded and be translucent while the remaining material will be mottled and opaque. Western North America  
Aleman Ribbon Chert Ranges from a dark gray to white or red.  Chalcedony occurs as veins, bird eye like vugs, and fossil replacement.  Southeastern New Mexico Aleman Member of the Montoya Formation
Alibates Agatized Dolomite
AKA: Alibates Flint
  Primarily banded, speckles, or mottled with colors commonly ranging from red, blue, purple, brown, cream, and white. Eastern New Mexico Quartermaster Formation
Andesite
Generic Type
    North America Varies
Antelope Creek Obsidian (east)   Ranges from an opaque black to a translucent smoky gray with gray banding.  Brown and black mahogany also occurs. Southwestern New Mexico Mule Mountain Volcanics
Antelope Creek Obsidian (west)   Ranges from an opaque black to a translucent smoky gray with gray banding.  Brown and black mahogany also occurs. Southwestern New Mexico Mule Mountain Volcanics
Antelope Wells Obsidian
AKA: El Berrendo Obsidian
  Ranges from a translucent greenish brown to a dark gray with greenish brown banding or an opaque black. Southwestern New Mexico  
Antique Pink Agate
AKA: Bubblegum
  Pink color. Southwestern New Mexico  
Apache Creek Agate   Most commonly a white and grayish blue fortification or onyx banded agate or tube agate, rarely black and white moss agate occurs. West central New Mexico  
Apache Jasper   Colors of reds, browns, muted oranges, browns, tans, and cream. Southwestern New Mexico  
Argillite
(Generic type)
  Light to dark green, but may range to various shades of gray North America  
Arroyo Penasco Chert
AKA: Tecolote Creek Chert
Ranges from black in the lower portions of the formation to white in the upper portions of the formation. North central New Mexico Arroyo Penasco Formation
Baldy Hill Jasper
AKA: Cimarron River Jasper
  Mottled color from most commonly varying shades of reds and yellows. Northeastern New Mexico Baldy Hill Formation
Balmorhea Blue Agate
AKA: Toyah Agate
  Ranges from a light blue gray to a dark blue gray, lavender, and white with bands of slight gray to lighter blues. Southeastern New Mexico  
Basalt
(Generic Type)
  Ranges from black to gray Western North America  
Beartooth Quartzite   White and black Southwestern New Mexico Beartooth Quartz Formation
Bear Springs Obsidian
AKA: See page for list
  Black with clear banding North central New Mexico Valles Volcanics, Canavas Rhyolite Formation
Blanco Basin Mudstone   Primarily a reddish brown, but may range to red, maroon, purple green or gray, mottling may be present North central New Mexico Blanco Basin Formation
Brushy Basin Chert Banded, white in color with pastel shades of tan, pink, green, and orange with banded or swirls of darker shades of brown, reddish brown, or gray. Northwestern New Mexico Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation
Brushy Basin Quartzite     Northwestern New Mexico Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation
Canutillo Chert
AKA: Texas Oil Chert
Ranges from a mottled light brown to dark brown or black. South central New Mexico Canutillo Limestone Formation
Carnelian
(Generic Type)
  Translucent and varies in shades from reddish brown to reddish orange. North America Varies
Cerritos Turquoise   Mottled and ranges in colors from a tan to a tannish green, yellow to yellowish green,  blue to bluish green. North central New Mexico  
Cerro del Medio Obsidian
AKA: Cerro Abrigo, Cerro Rubio, Cerro de los Poso Obsidian
  Granular black with brown and black mahogany obsidian North central New Mexico Valles Volcanics, Valles Rhyolite Formation
Cerros del Rio Dacite   ranges from a very dark gray to black with spare olivine phenocrysts and very small when present. North central New Mexico Cerro del Rio Volcanics
Charma Jasper   Mottled mustard yellow with intrusions of white quartz. Northwestern New Mexico  
China Chert
AKA: Zuni China Chert
  White Northwestern New Mexico  
Chuska Mountain Chert
AKA: Washington Pass, Narbona Pass, Paleo Pink Chert
  Ranges from shades of pink to reddish orange, but can occur in banded gray, pink, and blue or banded gray and cream.  Northwestern New Mexico  
Cimarron Jasper   Bright red, pale yellow, and yellowish brown with streaks of agate. Northeastern New Mexico  
Cumbres Pass Chert Ranges in color from an opaque mottled white gray to tan.  Chalcedony inclusions are throughout the chert matrix. Northwestern New Mexico  San Juan Volcanics
Dacite
Generic Type
  Most commonly a light to dark gray or black Western North America Varies
Dakota Quartzite
AKA: Dakota Orthoquartzite
  Ranges in color from reds to browns Eastern New Mexico Dakota Formation
Deming Moss Agate   Ranges from red to yellow with black or brown dendritic inclusions Southwestern New Mexico  
El Paso Chert Ranges from a medium light gray to olive gray dolomite to a light tan to gray or olive gray with reddish or bluish streaks occasionally present. South central New Mexico El Paso Limestone Formation
Enchantment Turquoise   Ranges from a deep green to a deep blue in a tan or golden brown matrix. South central New Mexico  
Escudilla Agate / Carnelian
AKA: Escudillo Agate
  Banded or mottled with colors of blue, gray, and black. West central New Mexico  
Fusselman Dolomite / Chert Ranges from a light gray to an olive gray or brownish gray. South central New Mexico Fusselman Dolomite Formation
Grants Ridge Obsidian
AKA: Taylor Mountain Obsidian
  Black with small gray inclusions sometimes present Northwestern New Mexico Mount Taylor Volcanics
Gwynn and Ewe Canyon Obsidian   Ranges from an opaque black to a transparent brown with a black water worn cortex. Southwestern New Mexico Feathery Hill Volcanics
Hachita Turquoise   Ranges from a bluish green to blue with a golden tan to brown matrix. Southwestern New Mexico  
High Lonesome Turquoise   Ranges from a green to powder blue Southwestern New Mexico  
Horace Mesa Obsidian
AKA: Taylor Mountain Obsidian
  Black with small gray inclusions sometimes present Northwestern New Mexico Mount Taylor Volcanics
Jemez Jasper   Colors of ivory, yellow, tan brown, and chocolate.  May be homogenous, multi colored onyx banded, or scenic jasper. North central New Mexico  
Johnny Bull Turquoise   Ranges from a light blue to a medium blue in a brownish matrix.. Southwestern New Mexico  
Jornada Opalized Wood / Agate   Opalized wood and agate of salmon with alternating bands of white, plume and moss agate, and chalcedony. New Mexico  
La Bajada Hill Agate     Central New Mexico  
La Jara Mesa Obsidian   Black North central New Mexico Mount Taylor Volcanics
Lake Valley Chert Ranges from a light gray to a light bluish gray. Southern New Mexico Tierra Blanca Member of the Lake Valley Limestone Formation
Madera Chert Ranges from a gray to a pale blue.  Colors of red, orange, white and yellow may also occur Central New Mexico Medera Limestone Formation
McGaffrey Ridge Chert Medium brownish gray. North central New Mexico  
Mockingbird Gap Agate     Central New Mexico  
Montoya Chert Shades of pink Southern New Mexico Montoya Formation
Morrison Chert
AKA: Brushy Basin Chert / Burro Canyon Chert
Commonly mottled and ranges in shaded of maroon, green, tan, and brown. Northwestern New Mexico Burro Canyon Formation / Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation
Morrison Mudstone   Commonly mottled and ranges in shaded of maroon, green, tan, and brown. Northwestern New Mexico Burro Canyon Formation / Brushy Basin Member,  Morrison Formation
Morrison Petrified Wood   Colors of red, yellow, purple, black, gray, brown, and white.  Wood grain and rings are commonly present. Northwestern New Mexico Morrison Formation
Morrison Silicified Sandstone   Commonly mottled and ranges in shaded of maroon, green, tan, and brown. Northwestern New Mexico Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation
Morrison Quartzite
  Ranges from a tan to brown or purple to maroon or gray. Northwestern New Mexico Morrison and Cloverly Formation
Mosca Chert Mottled and ranges in color from shades of pink to burgundy, yellow to brown, and white. North central New Mexico Leadville Limestone Formation
Mule Mountain Obsidian   Ranges from an opaque black to a translucent smoky gray with gray banding.  Brown and black mahogany also occurs. Southwestern New Mexico Mule Mountain Volcanics
Nakaye Chert Weathers brown South central New Mexico Nakaye Formation
Newman Dome Dacite   Ranges from a dark gray to black with rare aphyric and sanidine phenocrysts, and very small when present.  North central New Mexico Taos Plateau Volcanics
No Aqua Obsidian - North
AKA: John Manville Mine Obsidian
  Black North Central New Mexico Taos Plateau Volcanics
No Aqua Obsidian - West Hill
AKA: Grefco Mine Obsidian
  Black North central New Mexico Taos Plateau Volcanics
Nutt Agate   Plum to red and black splashed agate. South central New Mexico  
Nutt Mountain Obsidian   Black South central New Mexico  
Obsidian
AKA: Volcanic Glass
(Generic type)
  Black to black with bands of dark reds (mahogany obsidian) or white flakes (snowflake obsidian) Western North America Volcanic
Obsidian Ridge Obsidian
AKA: see list
  Brown with sulferetic inclusions. North central New Mexico Valles Volcanics, Cerro Toledo Rhyolite Formation
Opalized Caliche   Colors of brown, pink, and white. Southeastern New Mexico Opalized Caliche Group
Owl Rock Chert   Northwestern New Mexico Owl Rock Member of the Chinle Formation
Paliza Obsidian
AKA: Bearhead Obsidian
  Black North central New Mexico Valles Volcanics, Bearhead Rhyolite Formation
Pedernal Chert (agate)
AKA: Cerro Pedernal Agate / Chalcedony
  Ranges from a white to pearly gray with a black banding to a translucent yellow, pink, and red with spots of white or pearly gray. North central New Mexico Pedernal Chert Member of the Abiquiu Tuff Formation
Petrified Wood
AKA: Agatized Wood, Opalized Wood
  Vary in color based on the minerals present during the process North America Varies
Polvadera Peak Obsidian
AKA: El Rechuelos Obsidian
  Fine black color with volcanic ash partial present. North Central New Mexico Valles Volcanics, El Rechuelos Rhyolite Formation
Pueblo Quartzite   Most commonly yellow, but becomes red and purplish gray towards the southern end of the outcroppings. North central New Mexico Pueblo Quartzite Formation
Rancheria Chert Porous ranging from gray to brown and weathering brown South central New Mexico Rancheria Formation
Red Hill Obsidian   Ranges from a transparent brown to a cloudy or banded light gray. West central New Mexico Mogollon - Datil Volcanics
Rhyolite
(Generic Type)
  Gray to grayish black, flow banding may be present alternating from light to darker gray North America Volcanic Activity
Rio Grande River Chert Wide variety of colors with the most common being shades of cream, tan, and brown.  Petrified wood and quartzite also occur Southern New Mexico Rio Grande river gravels.
San Andres Chert
AKA: Fingerprint Chert
White to light gay with fine gray banding.  A fossiliferous medium gray also occurs. Central New Mexico San Andres Limestone Formation
San Antonio Mountain Dacite   Dark gray to black with spare phenocrysts of alkali feldspar North central New Mexico Taos Plateau Volcanics
Sandia Chert Ranges from a dark gray to a purplish dark gray or black. Central New Mexico Sandia Formation
Santa Rita Turquoise   Ranges from a blue to green with a golden brown matrix.  Gold ore is commonly present in the matrix. Southwestern New Mexico  
Sawmill Creek Obsidian
AKA: Mule Creek Obsidian
  Ranges from an opaque black to a translucent smoky gray with gray banding.  Brown and black mahogany also occurs. Southwestern New Mexico Mule Mountain Volcanics
Shinrump Chert   Ranges from gray to white. Northwestern New Mexico Shinarump Conglomerate Member of the Chinle Formation
Shinarump Quartzite   Black and red Northwestern New Mexico Shinarump Conglomerate Member of the Chinle Formation
Summerville Chert Two variations.  One is black chert and the other is a white or red opalitic chert. Northwestern New Mexico Summerville Formation
Tecovas Jasper
AKA: Quitague Jasper
Ranges from variegated or mottled red, blue, purple, brown, cream, and white Northeastern New Mexico Tecovas Formation 
Thunderbird Rhyolite   Ranges from a dark purplish gray or black with brownish red inclusions to a reddish brown with dark purplish gray or black inclusions. New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua Thunderbird Formation
Tuff
AKA: Solidified Volcanic Ash
  Contains greater than 75 volcanic ash and ranges from white to tan, gray or pink. North America Volcanic activity
Tyrone Turquoise   Medium blue with brown to yellowish brown mottling Southwestern New Mexico  
Valmont Dolomite / Chert Ranges from a whitish gray to a dark medium gray South central New Mexico Valmont Dolomite Formation
Yeso Chert Ranges from gray to a grayish brown or brown, or ranges from shades of red to a mottled white or light gray and pink (see page) Central New Mexico Possibly the Yeso Formation
Zuni Spotted Chert   Ranges from a golden yellow to brownish yellow matrix with darker brown inclusions. Northwestern New Mexico